diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core.h b/include/asyncpp/core.h
index 401c176..60e76d1 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core.h
@@ -6,7 +6,13 @@
 #include "core/stream.h"
 #include "core/task.h"
 
-#include "core/future.inl"
-#include "core/misc.inl"
 #include "core/result.inl"
 #include "core/stream.inl"
+
+#include "core/future/map.inl"
+#include "core/future/lazy.inl"
+#include "core/future/and_then.inl"
+
+#ifdef asyncpp_timing
+#include "core/future/timeout.inl"
+#endif
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future.h b/include/asyncpp/core/future.h
index 575a5ef..50fd9fd 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/future.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/future.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include "misc.h"
 #include "result.h"
 #include "future.pre.h"
 
@@ -28,19 +29,17 @@ namespace asyncpp
         /**
          * @brief Transform the result of this future.
          */
-        template<typename X_lambda>
-        inline auto map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) const &;
-
-        /**
-         * @brief Transform the result of this future.
-         */
-        template<typename X_lambda>
+        template<
+            chaining_mode X_mode = copy,
+            typename X_lambda>
         inline auto map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &;
 
         /**
          * @brief Transform the result of this future.
          */
-        template<typename X_lambda>
+        template<
+            chaining_mode X_mode = move,
+            typename X_lambda>
         inline auto map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &&;
 
     public:
@@ -48,21 +47,18 @@ namespace asyncpp
          * @brief Execute the given lambda after the future is finished and
          *        wait for the future returned by the lambda.
          */
-        template<typename X_lambda>
-        inline auto and_then(X_lambda&& p_lambda) const &;
-
-        /**
-         * @brief Execute the given lambda after the future is finished and
-         *        wait for the future returned by the lambda.
-         */
-        template<typename X_lambda>
+        template<
+            chaining_mode X_mode = copy,
+            typename X_lambda>
         inline auto and_then(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &;
 
         /**
          * @brief Execute the given lambda after the future is finished and
          *        wait for the future returned by the lambda.
          */
-        template<typename X_lambda>
+        template<
+            chaining_mode X_mode = move,
+            typename X_lambda>
         inline auto and_then(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &&;
 
     #ifdef asyncpp_timing
@@ -72,15 +68,10 @@ namespace asyncpp
          *
          * This method is only enabled if timer.h is included before.
          */
-        template<typename X_base, typename X_ratio>
-        inline auto timeout(const duration<X_base, X_ratio>& p_timeout) const &;
-
-        /**
-         * @brief Throw an execption if the timeout has passed.
-         *
-         * This method is only enabled if timer.h is included before.
-         */
-        template<typename X_base, typename X_ratio>
+        template<
+            chaining_mode X_mode = copy,
+            typename X_base,
+            typename X_ratio>
         inline auto timeout(const duration<X_base, X_ratio>& p_timeout) &;
 
         /**
@@ -88,7 +79,10 @@ namespace asyncpp
          *
          * This method is only enabled if timer.h is included before.
          */
-        template<typename X_base, typename X_ratio>
+        template<
+            chaining_mode X_mode = move,
+            typename X_base,
+            typename X_ratio>
         inline auto timeout(const duration<X_base, X_ratio>& p_timeout) &&;
     #endif
     };
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/future.inl
deleted file mode 100644
index 9834fb1..0000000
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/future.inl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "future.h"
-
-#include "future/map.inl"
-#include "future/lazy.inl"
-#include "future/and_then.inl"
-
-#ifdef asyncpp_timing
-#include <asyncpp/timing/timeout.inl>
-#endif
-
-namespace asyncpp
-{
-
-    /* base_future::map */
-
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_lambda>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) const &
-    {
-        using lambda_type = X_lambda;
-        using map_type    = __future::map_impl<derived_type, lambda_type>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type const &>(*this);
-
-        return map_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type const>(self),
-            std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda));
-    }
-
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_lambda>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &
-    {
-        using lambda_type = X_lambda;
-        using map_type    = __future::map_impl<derived_type&, lambda_type>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type &>(*this);
-
-        return map_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type &>(self),
-            std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda));
-    }
-
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_lambda>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &&
-    {
-        using lambda_type = X_lambda;
-        using map_type    = __future::map_impl<derived_type, lambda_type>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type &>(*this);
-
-        return map_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type &&>(self),
-            std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda));
-    }
-
-    /* base_future::and_then */
-
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_lambda>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::and_then(X_lambda&& p_lambda) const &
-    {
-        using lambda_type   = X_lambda;
-        using and_then_type = __future::and_then_impl<derived_type, lambda_type>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type const &>(*this);
-
-        return and_then_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type const>(self),
-            std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda));
-    }
-
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_lambda>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::and_then(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &
-    {
-        using lambda_type   = X_lambda;
-        using and_then_type = __future::and_then_impl<derived_type&, lambda_type>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type &>(*this);
-
-        return and_then_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type &>(self),
-            std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda));
-    }
-
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_lambda>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::and_then(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &&
-    {
-        using lambda_type   = X_lambda;
-        using and_then_type = __future::and_then_impl<derived_type, lambda_type>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type &>(*this);
-
-        return and_then_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type &&>(self),
-            std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda));
-    }
-
-    /* base_future::timeout */
-
-    #ifdef asyncpp_timing
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_base,
-        typename X_ratio>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::timeout(const duration<X_base, X_ratio>& p_timeout) const &
-    {
-        using timeout_type = timing::timeout<derived_type>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type const &>(*this);
-
-        return timeout_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type const>(self),
-            p_timeout);
-    }
-
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_base,
-        typename X_ratio>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::timeout(const duration<X_base, X_ratio>& p_timeout) &
-    {
-        using timeout_type = timing::timeout<derived_type&>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type &>(*this);
-
-        return timeout_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type &>(self),
-            p_timeout);
-    }
-
-    template<
-        typename T_value,
-        typename T_derived>
-    template<
-        typename X_base,
-        typename X_ratio>
-    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
-        ::timeout(const duration<X_base, X_ratio>& p_timeout) &&
-    {
-        using timeout_type = timing::timeout<derived_type>;
-
-        auto& self = static_cast<derived_type &>(*this);
-
-        return timeout_type(
-            std::forward<derived_type &&>(self),
-            p_timeout);
-    }
-    #endif
-
-}
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future/and_then.h b/include/asyncpp/core/future/and_then.h
index 63d441b..e9ed584 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/future/and_then.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/future/and_then.h
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ namespace __future {
     template<
         typename T_future,
         typename T_lambda>
-    struct and_then_impl final :
+    struct and_then_future final :
         public base_future<
             decltype(std::declval<T_lambda>()(std::declval<typename std::decay_t<T_future>::value_type>())),
-            and_then_impl<T_future, T_lambda>
+            and_then_future<T_future, T_lambda>
         >
     {
     public:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace __future {
         using second_future_type        = decltype(std::declval<lambda_type>()(std::declval<first_value_type>()));
         using second_future_type_ptr    = std::unique_ptr<second_future_type>;
         using value_type                = typename second_future_type::value_type;
-        using this_type                 = and_then_impl<value_type, lambda_type>;
+        using this_type                 = and_then_future<value_type, lambda_type>;
         using base_future_type          = base_future<value_type, this_type>;
         using result_type               = typename base_future_type::result_type;
 
@@ -39,10 +39,13 @@ namespace __future {
         template<
             typename X_future,
             typename X_lambda>
-        inline and_then_impl(
+        inline and_then_future(
             X_future&& p_outer,
             X_lambda&& p_lambda);
 
+        inline and_then_future(and_then_future &&) = default;
+        inline and_then_future(and_then_future const &) = default;
+
     public: /* future */
         /**
          * @brief Poll the result from the future.
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future/and_then.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/future/and_then.inl
index 4e1d737..2a611a0 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/future/and_then.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/future/and_then.inl
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "map.h"
+#include "and_then.h"
+#include "../future.h"
 
 namespace asyncpp {
 namespace __future {
 
-    /* and_then_impl */
+    /* and_then_future */
 
     template<
         typename T_future,
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ namespace __future {
     template<
         typename X_future,
         typename X_lambda>
-    and_then_impl<T_future, T_lambda>
-        ::and_then_impl(
+    and_then_future<T_future, T_lambda>
+        ::and_then_future(
             X_future&& p_first,
             X_lambda&& p_lambda)
         : _first (std::forward<X_future>(p_first))
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ namespace __future {
     template<
         typename T_future,
         typename T_lambda>
-    typename and_then_impl<T_future, T_lambda>::result_type
-    and_then_impl<T_future, T_lambda>
+    typename and_then_future<T_future, T_lambda>::result_type
+    and_then_future<T_future, T_lambda>
         ::poll()
     {
         while (true)
@@ -45,4 +46,61 @@ namespace __future {
         }
     }
 
+    /* and_then_impl */
+
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_self,
+        typename X_lambda>
+    auto and_then_impl(X_self&& p_self, X_lambda&& p_lambda)
+    {
+        using lambda_type           = X_lambda;
+        using self_type             = X_self;
+        using derived_type          = typename std::decay_t<self_type>::derived_type;
+        using derived_storage_type  = storage_type_t<X_mode, derived_type>;
+        using derived_ref_type      = std::conditional_t<
+                                        std::is_const_v<std::remove_reference_t<self_type>>,
+                                        derived_type const &,
+                                        derived_type &>;
+        using derived_forward_type  = forward_type_t<X_mode, derived_ref_type>;
+        using and_then_future_type  = __future::and_then_future<derived_storage_type, lambda_type>;
+
+        static_assert(
+            X_mode != ref || !std::is_rvalue_reference_v<self_type>,
+            "Can not store rvalue reference as lvalue reference!");
+
+        auto& self = static_cast<derived_ref_type>(p_self);
+
+        return and_then_future_type(
+            std::forward<derived_forward_type>(self),
+            std::forward<X_lambda>            (p_lambda));
+    }
+
 } }
+
+namespace asyncpp
+{
+
+    /* future_base::and_then */
+
+    template<
+        typename T_value,
+        typename T_derived>
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_lambda>
+    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
+        ::and_then(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &
+        { return __future::and_then_impl<X_mode>(*this, std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda)); }
+
+    template<
+        typename T_value,
+        typename T_derived>
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_lambda>
+    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
+        ::and_then(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &&
+        { return __future::and_then_impl<X_mode>(std::move(*this), std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda)); }
+
+}
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future/lazy.h b/include/asyncpp/core/future/lazy.h
index 552021e..ca50eab 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/future/lazy.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/future/lazy.h
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ namespace asyncpp
     {
 
         template<typename T_lambda>
-        struct lazy_impl final :
+        struct lazy_future final :
             public base_future<
                 decltype(std::declval<T_lambda>()()),
-                lazy_impl<T_lambda>
+                lazy_future<T_lambda>
             >
         {
         public:
             using lambda_type       = T_lambda;
             using value_type        = decltype(std::declval<lambda_type>()());
-            using this_type         = lazy_impl<lambda_type>;
+            using this_type         = lazy_future<lambda_type>;
             using base_future_type  = base_future<value_type, this_type>;
             using result_type       = typename base_future_type::result_type;
 
@@ -30,9 +30,12 @@ namespace asyncpp
              * @brief Constructor.
              */
             template<typename X_lambda>
-            inline lazy_impl(
+            inline lazy_future(
                 X_lambda&& p_lambda);
 
+            inline lazy_future(lazy_future &&) = default;
+            inline lazy_future(lazy_future const &) = default;
+
         public: /* future */
             /**
              * @brief Poll the result from the future.
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future/lazy.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/future/lazy.inl
index 60b5f03..4747e67 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/future/lazy.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/future/lazy.inl
@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ namespace asyncpp
     namespace __future
     {
 
-        /* lazy_impl */
+        /* lazy_future */
 
         template<typename T_lambda>
         template<typename X_lambda>
-        lazy_impl<T_lambda>::lazy_impl(
+        lazy_future<T_lambda>::lazy_future(
             X_lambda&& p_lambda)
             : _lambda(std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda))
             { }
 
         template<typename T_lambda>
         template<typename X>
-        inline auto lazy_impl<T_lambda>
+        inline auto lazy_future<T_lambda>
             ::poll()
                 -> std::enable_if_t<
                     std::is_void_v<X>,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace asyncpp
 
         template<typename T_lambda>
         template<typename X>
-        inline auto lazy_impl<T_lambda>
+        inline auto lazy_future<T_lambda>
             ::poll()
                 -> std::enable_if_t<
                     !std::is_void_v<X>,
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace asyncpp
     inline auto lazy(X_lambda&& p_lambda)
     {
         using lambda_type = X_lambda;
-        using lazy_type   = __future::lazy_impl<lambda_type>;
+        using lazy_type   = __future::lazy_future<lambda_type>;
 
         return lazy_type(std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda));
     }
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future/map.h b/include/asyncpp/core/future/map.h
index 979c740..9a72f97 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/future/map.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/future/map.h
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ namespace __future {
     template<
         typename T_future,
         typename T_lambda>
-    struct map_impl final :
+    struct map_future final :
         public base_future<
             typename std::decay_t<T_future>::value_type,
-            map_impl<T_future, T_lambda>
+            map_future<T_future, T_lambda>
         >
     {
     public:
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace __future {
         using lambda_type       = T_lambda;
         using future_value_type = typename std::decay_t<future_type>::value_type;
         using value_type        = decltype(std::declval<lambda_type>()(std::declval<future_value_type>()));
-        using this_type         = map_impl<future_type, lambda_type>;
+        using this_type         = map_future<future_type, lambda_type>;
         using base_future_type  = base_future<value_type, this_type>;
         using result_type       = typename base_future_type::result_type;
 
@@ -34,10 +34,13 @@ namespace __future {
         template<
             typename X_future,
             typename X_lambda>
-        inline map_impl(
+        inline map_future(
             X_future&& p_future,
             X_lambda&& p_lambda);
 
+        inline map_future(map_future &&) = default;
+        inline map_future(map_future const &) = default;
+
     public: /* future */
         /**
          * @brief Poll the result from the future.
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future/map.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/future/map.inl
index c03d292..9e67dd0 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/future/map.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/future/map.inl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 namespace asyncpp {
 namespace __future {
 
-    /* map_impl */
+    /* map_future */
 
     template<
         typename T_future,
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ namespace __future {
     template<
         typename X_future,
         typename X_lambda>
-    map_impl<T_future, T_lambda>
-        ::map_impl(
+    map_future<T_future, T_lambda>
+        ::map_future(
             X_future&& p_future,
             X_lambda&& p_lambda)
         : _future(std::forward<X_future>(p_future))
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ namespace __future {
     template<
         typename T_future,
         typename T_lambda>
-    typename map_impl<T_future, T_lambda>::result_type
-    map_impl<T_future, T_lambda>
+    typename map_future<T_future, T_lambda>::result_type
+    map_future<T_future, T_lambda>
         ::poll()
     {
         auto r = _future.poll();
@@ -34,4 +34,61 @@ namespace __future {
             : result_type::not_ready();
     }
 
+    /* map_impl */
+
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_self,
+        typename X_lambda>
+    auto map_impl(X_self&& p_self, X_lambda&& p_lambda)
+    {
+        using lambda_type           = X_lambda;
+        using self_type             = X_self;
+        using derived_type          = typename std::decay_t<self_type>::derived_type;
+        using derived_storage_type  = storage_type_t<X_mode, derived_type>;
+        using derived_ref_type      = std::conditional_t<
+                                        std::is_const_v<std::remove_reference_t<self_type>>,
+                                        derived_type const &,
+                                        derived_type &>;
+        using derived_forward_type  = forward_type_t<X_mode, derived_ref_type>;
+        using map_future_type       = __future::map_future<derived_storage_type, lambda_type>;
+
+        static_assert(
+            X_mode != ref || !std::is_rvalue_reference_v<self_type>,
+            "Can not store rvalue reference as lvalue reference!");
+
+        auto& self = static_cast<derived_ref_type>(p_self);
+
+        return map_future_type(
+            std::forward<derived_forward_type>(self),
+            std::forward<X_lambda>            (p_lambda));
+    }
+
 } }
+
+namespace asyncpp
+{
+
+    /* future_base::map */
+
+    template<
+        typename T_value,
+        typename T_derived>
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_lambda>
+    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
+        ::map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &
+        { return __future::map_impl<X_mode>(*this, std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda)); }
+
+    template<
+        typename T_value,
+        typename T_derived>
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_lambda>
+    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
+        ::map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &&
+        { return __future::map_impl<X_mode>(std::move(*this), std::forward<X_lambda>(p_lambda)); }
+
+}
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/future/timeout.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/future/timeout.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b324da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/future/timeout.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../future.h"
+
+namespace asyncpp {
+namespace __future {
+
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_self,
+        typename X_base,
+        typename X_ratio>
+    auto helper_timeout(
+        X_self&&                            p_self,
+        const duration<X_base, X_ratio>&    p_timeout)
+    {
+        using self_type             = X_self;
+        using derived_type          = typename std::decay_t<self_type>::derived_type;
+        using derived_storage_type  = storage_type_t<X_mode, derived_type>;
+        using derived_ref_type      = std::conditional_t<
+                                        std::is_const_v<std::remove_reference_t<self_type>>,
+                                        derived_type const &,
+                                        derived_type &>;
+        using derived_forward_type  = forward_type_t<X_mode, derived_ref_type>;
+        using timeout_type   = timing::timeout<derived_storage_type>;
+
+        auto& self = static_cast<derived_ref_type>(p_self);
+
+        return timeout_type(
+            std::forward<derived_forward_type>(self),
+            p_timeout);
+    }
+
+} }
+
+namespace asyncpp
+{
+
+    /* future_base::timeout */
+
+    template<
+        typename T_value,
+        typename T_derived>
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_base,
+        typename X_ratio>
+    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
+        ::timeout(const duration<X_base, X_ratio>& p_timeout) &
+        { return __future::helper_timeout<X_mode>(*this, p_timeout); }
+
+    template<
+        typename T_value,
+        typename T_derived>
+    template<
+        chaining_mode X_mode,
+        typename X_base,
+        typename X_ratio>
+    auto base_future<T_value, T_derived>
+        ::timeout(const duration<X_base, X_ratio>& p_timeout) &&
+        { return __future::helper_timeout<X_mode>(std::move(*this), p_timeout); }
+
+}
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/misc.h b/include/asyncpp/core/misc.h
index 4eede91..d85677a 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/misc.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/misc.h
@@ -1,28 +1,7 @@
-#pragma once
+#pragma
 
-#include <chrono>
+#include "misc/chaining.h"
+#include "misc/timing.h"
 
-namespace asyncpp
-{
-
-    using clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
-
-    using time_point = clock::time_point;
-
-    template<typename T_base, typename T_ratio>
-    using duration = std::chrono::duration<T_base ,T_ratio>;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Get the current time point.
-     */
-    inline time_point now();
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns the lowest of the two passed deadlines (if not null)
-     *        or nullptr if no deadline was passed.
-     */
-    inline const time_point * merge_deadlines(
-        const time_point * p_deadline_0,
-        const time_point * p_deadline_1);
-
-}
+#include "misc/chaining.inl"
+#include "misc/timing.inl"
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/misc/chaining.h b/include/asyncpp/core/misc/chaining.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5baa167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/misc/chaining.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace asyncpp
+{
+
+    enum chaining_mode
+    {
+        move,
+        copy,
+        ref,
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the storage type of the passed type for the passed mode.
+     *
+     * move: T
+     * copy: T
+     * ref   T &
+     */
+    template<chaining_mode X_mode, typename X_type, typename = void>
+    struct storage_type;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the forward type of the passed type for the passed mode.
+     *
+     * move: T &&
+     * copy: T const &
+     * ref   T &
+     */
+    template<chaining_mode X_mode, typename X_type, typename = void>
+    struct forward_type;
+
+    template<chaining_mode X_mode, typename X_type>
+    using storage_type_t = typename storage_type<X_mode, X_type>::type;
+
+    template<chaining_mode X_mode, typename X_type>
+    using forward_type_t = typename forward_type<X_mode, X_type>::type;
+
+}
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/misc/chaining.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/misc/chaining.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84a6002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/misc/chaining.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace asyncpp
+{
+
+    /* storage_type */
+
+    template<typename X_type>
+    struct storage_type<move, X_type, void>
+        { using type = X_type; };
+
+    template<typename X_type>
+    struct storage_type<copy, X_type, void>
+        { using type = X_type; };
+
+    template<typename X_type>
+    struct storage_type<ref, X_type, void>
+        { using type = X_type&; };
+
+    /* forward_type */
+
+    template<typename X_type>
+    struct forward_type<move, X_type, void>
+        { using type = std::decay_t<X_type> &&; };
+
+    template<typename X_type>
+    struct forward_type<copy, X_type, void>
+        { using type = std::decay_t<X_type> const &; };
+
+    template<typename X_type>
+    struct forward_type<ref, X_type, void>
+        { using type = std::remove_reference_t<X_type> &; };
+
+}
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/misc/timing.h b/include/asyncpp/core/misc/timing.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4eede91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/misc/timing.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace asyncpp
+{
+
+    using clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+
+    using time_point = clock::time_point;
+
+    template<typename T_base, typename T_ratio>
+    using duration = std::chrono::duration<T_base ,T_ratio>;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the current time point.
+     */
+    inline time_point now();
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Returns the lowest of the two passed deadlines (if not null)
+     *        or nullptr if no deadline was passed.
+     */
+    inline const time_point * merge_deadlines(
+        const time_point * p_deadline_0,
+        const time_point * p_deadline_1);
+
+}
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/misc.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/misc/timing.inl
similarity index 91%
rename from include/asyncpp/core/misc.inl
rename to include/asyncpp/core/misc/timing.inl
index 853448a..e335659 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/misc.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/misc/timing.inl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "misc.h"
+#include "timing.h"
 
 namespace asyncpp
 {
 
-    #ifndef __asyncpp_has_impl_timer_now
+      #ifndef __asyncpp_has_impl_timer_now
     time_point now()
         { return clock::now(); }
     #endif
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/stream.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/stream.inl
index 9eebd0f..17996e9 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/stream.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/stream.inl
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ namespace asyncpp
         ::map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) const &
     {
         using lambda_type = X_lambda;
-        using map_type    = __stream::map_impl<derived_type, lambda_type>;
+        using map_type    = __stream::map_future<derived_type, lambda_type>;
 
         auto& self = static_cast<derived_type const &>(*this);
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace asyncpp
         ::map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &
     {
         using lambda_type = X_lambda;
-        using map_type    = __stream::map_impl<derived_type, lambda_type>;
+        using map_type    = __stream::map_future<derived_type, lambda_type>;
 
         auto& self = static_cast<derived_type &>(*this);
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ namespace asyncpp
         ::map(X_lambda&& p_lambda) &&
     {
         using lambda_type = X_lambda;
-        using map_type    = __stream::map_impl<derived_type, lambda_type>;
+        using map_type    = __stream::map_future<derived_type, lambda_type>;
 
         auto& self = static_cast<derived_type &>(*this);
 
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/stream/map.h b/include/asyncpp/core/stream/map.h
index d20d1c4..ab69f49 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/stream/map.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/stream/map.h
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ namespace __stream {
     template<
         typename T_stream,
         typename T_lambda>
-    struct map_impl final :
+    struct map_future final :
         public base_stream<
             decltype(std::declval<T_lambda>()(std::declval<typename T_stream::value_type>())),
-            map_impl<T_stream, T_lambda>
+            map_future<T_stream, T_lambda>
         >
     {
     public:
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace __stream {
         using lambda_type       = T_lambda;
         using inner_value_type  = typename stream_type::value_type;
         using value_type        = decltype(std::declval<lambda_type>()(std::declval<inner_value_type>()));
-        using this_type         = map_impl<stream_type, lambda_type>;
+        using this_type         = map_future<stream_type, lambda_type>;
         using base_stream_type  = base_stream<value_type, this_type>;
         using result_type       = typename base_stream_type::result_type;
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace __stream {
         template<
             typename X_stream,
             typename X_lambda>
-        inline map_impl(
+        inline map_future(
             X_stream&& p_stream,
             X_lambda&& p_lambda);
 
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/core/stream/map.inl b/include/asyncpp/core/stream/map.inl
index 3235abe..c39e3c5 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/core/stream/map.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/core/stream/map.inl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 namespace asyncpp {
 namespace __stream {
 
-    /* map_impl */
+    /* map_future */
 
     template<
         typename T_stream,
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace __stream {
     template<
         typename X_stream,
         typename X_lambda>
-    map_impl<T_stream, T_lambda>::map_impl(
+    map_future<T_stream, T_lambda>::map_future(
         X_stream&& p_stream,
         X_lambda&& p_lambda)
         : _stream(std::forward<X_stream>(p_stream))
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ namespace __stream {
     template<
         typename T_stream,
         typename T_lambda>
-    typename map_impl<T_stream, T_lambda>::result_type
-    map_impl<T_stream, T_lambda>
+    typename map_future<T_stream, T_lambda>::result_type
+    map_future<T_stream, T_lambda>
         ::poll()
     {
         auto r = _stream.poll();
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/timing/impl/timer_impl.h b/include/asyncpp/timing/impl/timer_impl.h
index 91dbe92..c0a4525 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/timing/impl/timer_impl.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/timing/impl/timer_impl.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace timing {
                 X_args&&... p_args);
 
             inline void idle(
-                const asyncpp::time_point * p_deadline);
+                const time_point * p_deadline);
 
             inline thread_lock_ptr_u init_thread();
         };
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ namespace timing {
                 owner_type& p_owner);
 
             inline void idle(
-                const asyncpp::time_point * p_deadline);
+                const time_point * p_deadline);
 
             inline thread_lock_ptr_u init_thread();
         };
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/timing/impl/timer_impl.inl b/include/asyncpp/timing/impl/timer_impl.inl
index da1f05a..0dce7a7 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/timing/impl/timer_impl.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/timing/impl/timer_impl.inl
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace __impl {
         { }
 
     template<typename T_inner>
-    void timer_impl<T_inner>::idle(const asyncpp::time_point * p_deadline)
+    void timer_impl<T_inner>::idle(const time_point * p_deadline)
     {
         {
         auto r = owner._registrations.lock();
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace __impl {
         { }
 
     void timer_impl<void>::idle(
-        const asyncpp::time_point * p_deadline)
+        const time_point * p_deadline)
         { }
 
     timer_impl<void>::thread_lock_ptr_u
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/timing/interval.inl b/include/asyncpp/timing/interval.inl
index d6fe04e..8b1e17b 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/timing/interval.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/timing/interval.inl
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <asyncpp/core/future.inl>
+#include "interval.h"
 
 #include "delay.inl"
-#include "interval.h"
 
 namespace asyncpp {
 namespace timing {
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ namespace timing {
 
     template<typename T_base, typename T_ratio>
     interval::interval(
-        const asyncpp::duration<T_base, T_ratio>&   p_duration,
+        const ::asyncpp::duration<T_base, T_ratio>& p_duration,
         time_point                                  p_deadline)
             : interval(asyncpp::now() + p_duration, p_duration, p_deadline)
             { }
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ namespace timing {
     template<typename T_base, typename T_ratio>
     interval::interval(
         const time_point&                           p_at,
-        const asyncpp::duration<T_base, T_ratio>&   p_duration,
+        const ::asyncpp::duration<T_base, T_ratio>& p_duration,
         time_point                                  p_deadline)
             : _delay   (p_at)
             , _duration(p_duration)
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ namespace timing {
     {
         if (    _deadline.time_since_epoch().count()
             &&  _delay.deadline() >= _deadline
-            &&  asyncpp::now()           >= _delay.deadline())
+            &&  asyncpp::now()    >= _delay.deadline())
             return result_type::done();
 
         auto ret = _delay.poll();
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/timing/timeout.h b/include/asyncpp/timing/timeout.h
index f54c4a7..4fdc92b 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/timing/timeout.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/timing/timeout.h
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace timing {
 
     template<typename T_inner>
     struct timeout final
-        :   public __impl::timeout_impl<timeout<T_inner>>
+        : public __impl::timeout_impl<timeout<T_inner>>
     {
     public:
         using inner_type = T_inner;
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/timing/timeout.inl b/include/asyncpp/timing/timeout.inl
index b98f4b3..6c79e7f 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/timing/timeout.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/timing/timeout.inl
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <asyncpp/core/misc.inl>
-
 #include "timeout.h"
 
 namespace asyncpp {
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/timing/timer.h b/include/asyncpp/timing/timer.h
index de16d55..cca6831 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/timing/timer.h
+++ b/include/asyncpp/timing/timer.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace timing {
          * This method is called as soon as the runtime has nothing to do.
          * The passed deadline is the timepoint the method should return (or null if not set).
          */
-        inline void idle(const asyncpp::time_point * p_deadline);
+        inline void idle(const time_point * p_deadline);
 
         /**
          * @brief This method is calld by the executor when a new thread needs to be initialized.
diff --git a/include/asyncpp/timing/timer.inl b/include/asyncpp/timing/timer.inl
index b35973f..a085ec9 100644
--- a/include/asyncpp/timing/timer.inl
+++ b/include/asyncpp/timing/timer.inl
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <asyncpp/core/misc.inl>
-
 #include "timer.h"
 #include "delay.inl"
 
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ namespace timing {
         { }
 
     template<typename T_inner>
-    void timer<T_inner>::idle(const asyncpp::time_point * p_deadline)
+    void timer<T_inner>::idle(const time_point * p_deadline)
     {
         auto now = asyncpp::now();
 
diff --git a/test/asyncpp/timing/timeout_tests.cpp b/test/asyncpp/timing/timeout_tests.cpp
index 27d3449..15204a5 100644
--- a/test/asyncpp/timing/timeout_tests.cpp
+++ b/test/asyncpp/timing/timeout_tests.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
+auto make_test_future(int i)
+{
+    test_future ret(i);
+    return ret;
+}
+
 struct test_stream
     : public base_stream<int, test_stream>
 {
@@ -70,7 +76,7 @@ TEST(timeout_tests, poll_future_no_timeout)
 
     test_future t(0);
     auto f = t
-        .timeout(std::chrono::seconds(5));
+        .timeout<ref>(std::chrono::seconds(5));
 
     EXPECT_CALL(m, now())
         .WillOnce(Return(time_point(std::chrono::seconds(0))));